The development of congestion management of a deregulated power system using fuzzy logic

Deregulated power system is a method of altering the existing regulatory structure of the power market in order to: reduce costs, draw new investments in power market and increase efficiency. Reforming the power market into a deregulated system reduce the transmission capacity since there will be more investors occupying the power system causing congestion in lines. Thus, the objectives of this paper is to present congestion management method in a deregulated market by analysing the congestion levels in transmission lines using Fuzzy Logic Approach. The Fuzzy method can be used to classify the levels of congestion in the transmission lines, resulting in easier monitoring of which lines are moderately or heavily loaded for pricing purposes based on usage. Thus, the congestion levels are to be defined depending on the price of power charged and amount of load used by end users. The congestion levels classifications were tested on IEEE Reliability Test System 1996 24 Bus System using its Weekly and Daily Peak Load Data

Assessment Of Aboveground Biomass And Temperature In The Tropical Rainforest Of Malaysia

The relation between tropical rainforest to the climate variability is very important. This research aims to determine the relationship between aboveground biomass which prefer tree in the tropical rainforest and surrounding temperature. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of ten tree species and surrounding temperature collected data were taken to measure the correlation between the two variables by using statistical test. Furthermore, forest biomass estimation is also important towards the assessment of the productivity, structure and forest condition. The analysis in this research shows that simple linear regression model can be used to predict the future value of DBH for each species. The findings may help the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with proper conservation and sustainable management

E-Water Level: Educational Kit For Testing Student Knowledge On Transient Response Using Water Level Control

Control Principle course is a part of syllabus in the diploma or degree in Electrical Engineering programme where students are exposed to topics such as time response analysis. One of the topics in this course is Transient Response analysis where it requires students to calculate the characteristic of the response based on set of formula. One of the difficulty encounters in delivering this topic is students having difficulty to relate the theory with the application as most theoretical part of this topic does not explain on how the transient response graph is obtained in the first place. In order to address this problem, this paper proposed E-Water Level educational kit that can be used by student in order to understand independently the transient response analysis by applying theory on the water level control application where the student knowledge on Transient Response parameters are tested, namely the delay time, rise time, damping ratio and setting time. The system consists of Arduino Microcontroller, water tank, water pump, relay, ultrasonic sensor and electronic display. The novelty of this educational kit is that the educational kit is adaptive in bridging the gap between theory and application in which the data is generated by real application of water level and the answers for the questions are automatically generated based on the data obtained. Thus, each student will experience different set of question

The development of IOT controlled hybrid power switching

This paper discusses the development system of IoT Controlled Hybrid Power Switching to provide consumer a system which allows them to manage their hybrid electricity sources. The generations of electricity can be produced by various of resources such as conventional and renewable resources. The existing method of generating electricity through renewable resources for instance a small scale of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system or pico-hydropower system gives consumers the ability to generate their own electricity source. In general, generated electricity from the resources is able to store in energy storage devices such as rechargeable lead-acid batteries. The main reason for generating electricity from renewable resources is that to reduce consumer dependence on depleting conventional resources at the same time they can experience monthly electricity bills saving. Without wasting the existed conventional resources, two different electricity generation can be combined thus creating a hybrid power system. The system is developed in order for consumers to consume both resources efficiently without producing any energy waste. The objectives development of IoT Controlled Hybrid Power Switching could help the consumer to manage both their electricity generation and consumption more effectively thus able to reduce their monthly electricity bills with more savings. This system provides flexibility for consumer to choose their options on how to consume electricity consumption. The available options are Auto-Mode and Manual-Mode. Both options using different methods consuming generated electricity. The Auto-Mode implementing an IoT element that provides consumers the ability to control electricity consumption through the Blynk application on smartphones. The switching between two sources is based on the percentage level of battery voltage capacity. For the Manual-Mode, the option gives the consumer the capability to control switching between two sources based on the time set by the consumer. Both options are able to deliver advantages to consumers in order to manage their electricity consumption dynamically

The development of car seat alert system using IoT

The objective of this paper is to design and develop a car seat alert system by using IoT. Heatstroke mortality among children in automobiles are on the rise these days, with an annual increase in the number of cases. Furthermore, the inside of a vehicle heats up quickly, which is a major issue for parents who want to travel by car with their children. The car seat alert system is designed to inform and alert parents who may forget their children in any kind of situation. The NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as a microcontroller to control all the input and output devices in this system. This device includes an indicator lamp, LED strip and a buzzer to trigger and alert parents when this sort of carelessness occurs. Aside from that, LCD is used to show the presence of the children in the seat as well as the temperature inside the vehicle. Other than that, the GPS module is used to provide the user with the location of the child who has been left in the car. Apart from that, the system will send the alert message to the user through the WhatsApp application for monitoring and notifying the alert message. This research demonstrated that the car seat alert system was conceived, implemented, and analyzed satisfactorily

The Development Of IoT Controlled Hybrid Power Switching

This paper discusses the development system of IoT Controlled Hybrid Power Switching to provide consumer a system which allows them to manage their hybrid electricity sources. The generations of electricity can be produced by various of resources such as conventional and renewable resources. The existing method of generating electricity through renewable resources for instance a small scale of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system or pico-hydropower system gives consumers the ability to generate their own electricity source. In general, generated electricity from the resources is able to store in energy storage devices such as rechargeable lead-acid batteries. The main reason for generating electricity from renewable resources is that to reduce consumer dependence on depleting conventional resources at the same time they can experience monthly electricity bills saving. Without wasting the existed conventional resources, two different electricity generation can be combined thus creating a hybrid power system. The system is developed in order for consumers to consume both resources efficiently without producing any energy waste. The objectives development of IoT Controlled Hybrid Power Switching could help the consumer to manage both their electricity generation and consumption more effectively thus able to reduce their monthly electricity bills with more savings. This system provides flexibility for consumer to choose their options on how to consume electricity consumption. The available options are Auto-Mode and Manual-Mode. Both options using different methods consuming generated electricity. The Auto-Mode implementing an IoT element that provides consumers the ability to control electricity consumption through the Blynk application on smartphones. The switching between two sources is based on the percentage level of battery voltage capacity. For the Manual-Mode, the option gives the consumer the capability to control switching between two sources based on the time set by the consumer. Both options are able to deliver advantages to consumers in order to manage their electricity consumption dynamically

The Evaluation Of Efficiency Of Different Types Of Fuel For Proton Car

This paper presents the overall view of the method for obtaining information on the use of fuels on the Proton Saga FLX 1.3 car. Proton Saga FLX 1.3 is used because the car is a car that is often used by Malaysians. This is based on its low price and has an ergonomic that is fit for Malaysians. To see which fuels is more effective on the Proton Saga FLX 1.3 car. This study conducted tests on three different roads. This is to identify whether friction on each road or additional force when mounting a hill contributes to the use of fuels. In addition, this study was repeated three times for more accurate data. The roads used are highways, domestic and hilly roads. The fuels used in this study is RON 95 and RON 97 fuels. This is because the fuels are the ideal fuel for Proton Saga cars. In addition, this fuel is often found in petrol stations in Malaysia. So it can help people in choosing the best fuel on their Proton Saga car

Application of Binary Firefly Algorithm (BFA) in tuning PID parameters for couple tank system

This paper presents the application of the Binary Firefly Algorithm (BFA) in tuning PID parameters for a coupled tank system. The agent position in the BFA represents the potential combination the PID parameters. This agent position is modelled using a string of 32 binary bits where each eight bits represents the value o

Automated Grass Cutter Using Voice Recognition

Grass cutter is one of the significant home appliances especially among the country side. The existing grass cutter machine in agriculture field usually using kerosene as their fuel source to operate the machine. However, by using fuel source, combustion process will occur and will pollute the environment with toxic gas which can lead to thinning of ozone layer and disease. Moving to improvement of grass cutter machine, we can conclude that with the improvement of the machines comes greater prices. This will make the people comes hard to buy the expensive one. Due to the high price, many people will buy the cheaper machines which they can afford. This can be seen easily in Malaysia where we can see many people will use the string trimmer to cut the grass. The string trimmer is a semi manual machines which requires humans to use it to cut the grass. The machines are quite heavy and after a period of time using the machines; it will lead to shaking and back-ache of the user. This will lead to serious safety issues. The idea of controlling a grass cutter machines is quite simple with the use of Arduino and some electrical devices. The grass cutter machines are control by Arduino which control the directions to moves forward, backward, right, left and stop. The control of direction is being help with the use of L298N motor driver which receive the signal from the Arduino to control the direction of the motor. Besides, it uses a simple voice recognition that all user can get from Google Play store to communicate with the grass cutter machines. The motor has two roles in this system which is to control the direction of grass cutter and also the cutting process of the machines. At last, the goal of creating this grass cutter machines are to create a low cost machines where all people can buy it thus preventing a health issues to the user and also creating a low budget grass cutter machines where all user can afford

Automated grass cutter using voice recognition

Grass cutter is one of the significant home appliances especially among the country side. The existing grass cutter machine in agriculture field usually using kerosene as their fuel source to operate the machine. However, by using fuel source, combustion process will occur and will pollute the environment with toxic gas which can lead to thinning of ozone layer and disease. Moving to improvement of grass cutter machine, we can conclude that with the improvement of the machines comes greater prices. This will make the people comes hard to buy the expensive one. Due to the high price, many people will buy the cheaper machines which they can afford. This can be seen easily in Malaysia where we can see many people will use the string trimmer to cut the grass. The string trimmer is a semi manual machines which requires humans to use it to cut the grass. The machines are quite heavy and after a period of time using the machines; it will lead to shaking and back-ache of the user. This will lead to serious safety issues. The idea of controlling a grass cutter machines is quite simple with the use of Arduino and some electrical devices. The grass cutter machines are control by Arduino which control the directions to moves forward, backward, right, left and stop. The control of direction is being help with the use of L298N motor driver which receive the signal from the Arduino to control the direction of the motor. Besides, it uses a simple voice recognition that all user can get from Google Play store to communicate with the grass cutter machines. The motor has two roles in this system which is to control the direction of grass cutter and also the cutting process of the machines. At last, the goal of creating this grass cutter machines are to create a low cost machines where all people can buy it thus preventing a health issues to the user and also creating a low budget grass cutter machines where all user can afford